साक्ष्य पहले, राय बाद में।

Evidence, seat by seat.

EPIC India rebuilds India's elections constituency by constituency, tracks what governments actually delivered, and publishes every table behind every finding. Scroll to begin, or start with a state.

Maroon states have published EPIC research. Hover to preview, click to open.
WHERE THE EVIDENCE IS

Punjab and Himachal, rebuilt seat by seat.

117Punjab seats, three elections
68Himachal seats, six elections
23policy initiatives documented
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FINDINGS

One line each. The number, what it means, where it is from.

Every card is a result from an EPIC paper or from the Punjab volume, written for a reader with two minutes and traced to the exact table. Filter above or type in the search box.

No finding matches that yet. Try "Malwa", "turnout", "literacy" or "riwaz", or clear the filters.
FILMS

Two data films, scored and cut from the tables.

Each film is rendered frame by frame from the published seat and vote tables and set to its own score.

How a party system was replacedPunjab, 2002–2022 · 50 seconds · with sound
0:00 / 0:50

Sound starts when you press play. Everything on screen is drawn from IJPSG 8(9) and 8(10) and IJRAR 13(2), 2026; the picture is generated entirely from those tables.

THE STORY

Punjab, 2002–2022: how a party system was replaced

Scroll, and the graphic follows the argument. Every number is from the Centre's papers; the seat charts are drawn from the published seat tables.

STATE EXPLORER

Pick a state. Every table is here.

Each state page carries the complete data behind the Centre's work on it: every published table as a sortable table or an interactive chart, with the source named. States without a page yet are listed so you know what is coming.

ਪੰਜਾਬ

Punjab

Three papers and a forthcoming book. 117 constituencies, three elections on consistent boundaries, five government terms, 23 documented policy initiatives, 23 districts, 18 legislation milestones.

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हिमाचल प्रदेश

Himachal Pradesh

One paper. A verified nine-election state panel (1985–2022), a 68-seat constituency panel across six elections, district-level turnover, and a policy-initiatives dataset with its coverage gaps stated.

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भारत

All India

Work that is not bound to one state: the law programme and the frameworks that every state volume uses.

Sep 2026
Temple and land-dispute litigation in IndiaInternational Journal of Civil Law and Legal Research · with Shrey Goel · full citation on request
This state does not have an EPIC page yet. The Punjab and Himachal methods, a constituency panel on consistent boundaries plus an independently sourced policy-initiatives dataset, are built to be repeated state by state. If you want this state studied, or have data to contribute, write to the research team.
METHOD

How a finding earns its place

Two frameworks run through every publication: governance read as a learning cycle, and a hierarchy that ranks every source. Both are published in full in the Punjab volume so readers can audit the reasoning.

The EPIC India Governance Framework

Public problems create demand for evidence; evidence informs policy; policy needs institutional capacity; administration turns it into services; outcomes generate new evidence. Elections are moments in this cycle, not the whole of it.

The Evidence Hierarchy

Every claim is traced to its level. Official and statutory sources anchor the analysis; media and archival material supports but never carries a finding alone.

Five stages, every project

Problem identificationA policy question of public significance.
Evidence integrationAcademic research, official data and institutional reports together.
Critical analysisPatterns, contradictions, strengths, limitations, implications.
Knowledge synthesisInterpretations that connect evidence across disciplines.
Policy communicationFindings in a form decision-makers can use.
PUBLICATIONS

Peer-reviewed, 2026

Each paper ships its datasets and reconstructed index formulae as supplementary files, so results can be replicated and extended.

OCT 2026IJPSG 8(10): 8–16

The Himachal 'Riwaz': Policy delivery and the persistence of anti-incumbency in Himachal Pradesh, 1985–2022

Rahul Thakur, Mukul Gupta, Sagar Khimani

International Journal of Political Science and Governance

SEP 2026IJPSG 8(9): 152–165

Policy delivery and electoral realignment: A constituency- and government-term-level analysis of public policy in Punjab (2002–2022)

Rahul Thakur, Mukul Gupta, Sagar Khimani

International Journal of Political Science and Governance

SEP 2026IJCLLR

Temple and land-dispute litigation in India

Rahul Thakur, Mukul Gupta, Sagar Khimani, Shrey Goel

International Journal of Civil Law and Legal Research

JUN 2026IJRAR 13(2)

Electoral continuity and political volatility in Punjab (2002–2026): A demographic and statistical analysis of municipal–Assembly electoral linkages

Rahul Thakur, Mukul Gupta, Sagar Khimani

International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews

MAY 2026IJPSG 8(6): 378–389

Punjab electoral behaviour since 2000: Demographic transformation, regional political geography and voter realignment in a changing democracy

Rahul Thakur, Mukul Gupta, Sagar Khimani

International Journal of Political Science and Governance

FORTHCOMINGEPIC India Research Series, Vol. I

Punjab in Transition (2002–2026): Public Policy, Governance, and Socioeconomic Development

Rahul Thakur, Mukul Gupta, Sagar Khimani

Twelve chapters and a statistical appendix: five government terms, 23 district profiles, a legislation timeline 1998–2023, comparative state indicators and a governance scorecard. Manuscript in revision; its tables are already in the Punjab explorer above.

DATASETS

Built to be replicated

Where no public, machine-readable record exists, EPIC assembles its own, states what it does and does not contain, and releases it with the paper.

23initiatives

Punjab Policy Initiatives Dataset, 2002–2022

Independently sourced flagship initiatives across five government terms with launch year, term, sector and source. The full list is in the Punjab explorer under Policy delivery.

117seats × 3

Punjab three-election constituency panel

All constituencies for 2012, 2017 and 2022 under consistent boundaries: winners, runners-up, margins, verified turnout and nine reconstructed policy-exposure indices (EPIC Policy Exposure Dataset v5).

68seats × 6

Himachal Pradesh constituency panel

Six elections from 1998 to 2022 from full Election Commission results, with district horticulture-dependency scores and seat transition matrices.

9elections

Himachal Pradesh state panel and policy dataset

A verified nine-election panel, 1985–2022, plus schemes and their delivery timing, with coverage stated plainly: strong for 2017–2026, sparse for 1993–2017.

RESEARCH TEAM

Three disciplines, one method

Chemistry and data analytics, business analytics and engineering, forensic science and political analysis. Ideas, evidence and interpretation are developed collectively.

RT

Rahul Thakur

Corresponding author · statistical behavioural analytics

M.S. Nanotechnology, Gujarat/National Forensic Sciences University; doctoral research in Chemistry, Panjab University; DST Fellow; eData Analytics, University of Amsterdam. Formerly Research Director, Canaveral Research Centre, Florida, and Project Director, Ceyone Consultants, Chandigarh.

MG

Mukul Gupta

Analytics and predictive modelling

M.S. Business Analytics, University of Minnesota; B.E. Civil Engineering, PEC Chandigarh. GTM Analytics Lead at Adobe (Acrobat Business), with more than thirteen years in analytics, data science and business intelligence across Fortune 500 technology firms.

SK

Sagar Khimani

Governance, institutions and strategic affairs

M.Sc. Forensic Science (Information Technology), Gujarat/National Forensic Sciences University; B.Sc. Forensic Science, Saurashtra University. Political analyst, strategic affairs researcher and public policy observer. X: @khimanisagar